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SciPy Constants

Learn all about SciPy Constants in this comprehensive tutorial.

5 min read advanced

SciPy Getting Started

SciPy Optimizers

•As SciPy is more focused on scientific implementations, it provides many built-in scientific constants.
•A list of all units under the constants module can be seen using the dir() function.
•The units are placed under these categories:
•Return the specified unit in **meter **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **bytes **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **kg **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **radians **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **seconds **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **meters **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **pascals **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **square meters**(e.
•Return the specified unit in **cubic meters **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **meters per second **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **Kelvin **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **joules **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **watts **(e.
•Return the specified unit in **newton **(e.

Constants in SciPy

As SciPy is more focused on scientific implementations, it provides many built-in scientific constants.

These constants can be helpful when you are working with Data Science.

Note: PI is an example of a scientific constant.

python

from scipy import constants

  print(constants.pi)

Constant Units

A list of all units under the constants module can be seen using the dir() function.

python

from scipy import constants
print(dir(constants))

Unit Categories

The units are placed under these categories:

Metric
Binary
Mass
Angle
Time
Length
Pressure
Volume
Speed
Temperature
Energy
Power
Force

Metric (SI) Prefixes:

Return the specified unit in meter (e.g. centi returns 0.01)

python

from scipy import constants
print(constants.yotta)    #1e+24
  print(constants.zetta)    
  #1e+21print(constants.exa)      
  #1e+18
  print(constants.peta)     #1000000000000000.0print(constants.tera)     
  #1000000000000.0
  print(constants.giga)     #1000000000.0print(constants.mega)     
  #1000000.0
  print(constants.kilo)     #1000.0print(constants.hecto)    
  #100.0
  print(constants.deka)     #10.0print(constants.deci)     
  #0.1
  print(constants.centi)    #0.01print(constants.milli)    
  #0.001
  print(constants.micro)    #1e-06print(constants.nano)     
  #1e-09
  print(constants.pico)     #1e-12
print(constants.femto)    #1e-15
  print(constants.atto)     #1e-18
print(constants.zepto)    #1e-21

Binary Prefixes:

Return the specified unit in bytes (e.g. kibi returns 1024)

python

from scipy import constants
print(constants.kibi)    #1024print(constants.mebi)    
  #1048576print(constants.gibi)    #1073741824print(constants.tebi)    
  #1099511627776print(constants.pebi)    
  #1125899906842624
  print(constants.exbi)    #1152921504606846976print(constants.zebi)    
  #1180591620717411303424
  print(constants.yobi)    #1208925819614629174706176

Mass:

Return the specified unit in kg (e.g. gram returns 0.001)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.gram)        #0.001print(constants.metric_ton)  #1000.0
print(constants.grain)       #6.479891e-05
print(constants.lb)          #0.45359236999999997
print(constants.pound)       #0.45359236999999997
print(constants.oz)          #0.028349523124999998
print(constants.ounce)       #0.028349523124999998
print(constants.stone)       #6.3502931799999995
print(constants.long_ton)    #1016.0469088
print(constants.short_ton)   #907.1847399999999
print(constants.troy_ounce)  #0.031103476799999998
print(constants.troy_pound)  #0.37324172159999996
print(constants.carat)       #0.0002
print(constants.atomic_mass) #1.66053904e-27print(constants.m_u)         #1.66053904e-27
print(constants.u)           #1.66053904e-27

Angle:

Return the specified unit in radians (e.g. degree returns 0.017453292519943295)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.degree)     #0.017453292519943295
print(constants.arcmin)     #0.0002908882086657216
print(constants.arcminute)  #0.0002908882086657216
print(constants.arcsec)     #4.84813681109536e-06
print(constants.arcsecond)  #4.84813681109536e-06

Time:

Return the specified unit in seconds (e.g. hour returns 3600.0)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.minute)      #60.0
print(constants.hour)        #3600.0
print(constants.day)         #86400.0
print(constants.week)        #604800.0
print(constants.year)        #31536000.0
print(constants.Julian_year) #31557600.0

Length:

Return the specified unit in meters (e.g. nautical_mile returns 1852.0)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.inch)              #0.0254
print(constants.foot)              #0.30479999999999996
print(constants.yard)              #0.9143999999999999
print(constants.mile)              #1609.3439999999998
print(constants.mil)               #2.5399999999999997e-05
print(constants.pt)                #0.00035277777777777776
print(constants.point)             #0.00035277777777777776
print(constants.survey_foot)       #0.3048006096012192
print(constants.survey_mile)       #1609.3472186944373
print(constants.nautical_mile)     #1852.0
print(constants.fermi)             #1e-15
print(constants.angstrom)          #1e-10
print(constants.micron)            #1e-06
print(constants.au)                #149597870691.0
print(constants.astronomical_unit) #149597870691.0
print(constants.light_year)        #9460730472580800.0
print(constants.parsec)            #3.0856775813057292e+16

Pressure:

Return the specified unit in pascals (e.g. psi returns 6894.757293168361)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.atm)         #101325.0
print(constants.atmosphere)  #101325.0
print(constants.bar)         #100000.0
print(constants.torr)        #133.32236842105263
print(constants.mmHg)        #133.32236842105263
print(constants.psi)         #6894.757293168361

Area:

Return the specified unit in square meters(e.g. hectare returns 10000.0)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.hectare) #10000.0
print(constants.acre)    #4046.8564223999992

Volume:

Return the specified unit in cubic meters (e.g. liter returns 0.001)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.liter)            #0.001
print(constants.litre)            #0.001
print(constants.gallon)           #0.0037854117839999997
print(constants.gallon_US)        #0.0037854117839999997
print(constants.gallon_imp)       #0.00454609
print(constants.fluid_ounce)      #2.9573529562499998e-05
print(constants.fluid_ounce_US)   #2.9573529562499998e-05
print(constants.fluid_ounce_imp)  #2.84130625e-05
print(constants.barrel)           #0.15898729492799998
print(constants.bbl)              #0.15898729492799998

Speed:

Return the specified unit in meters per second (e.g. speed_of_sound returns 340.5)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.kmh)            #0.2777777777777778
print(constants.mph)            #0.44703999999999994
print(constants.mach)           #340.5
print(constants.speed_of_sound) #340.5
print(constants.knot)           #0.5144444444444445

Temperature:

Return the specified unit in Kelvin (e.g. zero_Celsius returns 273.15)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.zero_Celsius)      #273.15
print(constants.degree_Fahrenheit) #0.5555555555555556

Energy:

Return the specified unit in joules (e.g. calorie returns 4.184)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.eV)            #1.6021766208e-19
print(constants.electron_volt) #1.6021766208e-19
print(constants.calorie)       #4.184
print(constants.calorie_th)    #4.184
print(constants.calorie_IT)    #4.1868
print(constants.erg)           #1e-07
print(constants.Btu)           #1055.05585262
print(constants.Btu_IT)        #1055.05585262
print(constants.Btu_th)        #1054.3502644888888
print(constants.ton_TNT)       #4184000000.0

Power:

Return the specified unit in watts (e.g. horsepower returns 745.6998715822701)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.hp)         #745.6998715822701
print(constants.horsepower) #745.6998715822701

Force:

Return the specified unit in newton (e.g. kilogram_force returns 9.80665)

python

from scipy import constants

print(constants.dyn)             #1e-05
print(constants.dyne)            #1e-05
print(constants.lbf)             #4.4482216152605
print(constants.pound_force)     #4.4482216152605
print(constants.kgf)             #9.80665
print(constants.kilogram_force)  #9.80665

Module quiz

2 questions

Which of the following is true about SciPy Constants?

It is strictly typedIt is evaluated at runtimeIt requires explicit memory managementIt is deprecated

What is the most common pitfall when working with SciPy Constants?

SyntaxErrorIndentationErrorNameErrorTypeError

Answer all questions to submit.

SciPy Getting Started

SciPy Optimizers

SciPy Constants

AI Summary

Constants in SciPy

Constant Units

Unit Categories

Metric (SI) Prefixes:

Binary Prefixes:

Mass:

Angle:

Time:

Length:

Pressure:

Area:

Volume:

Speed:

Temperature:

Energy:

Power:

Force:

Module quiz